噉:gam2,咁:gam2,減:gaam2,緊:gan2
(pos:詞綴)
<explanation>
yue:通常係單音節嘅動詞、形容詞嘅後綴,指示針對對象嘅過程未完成、未做晒,仲有缺漏,離終止仲有截距離;做形容詞後綴嗰陣,置於構成比較級嘅後綴「#啲」之前;若然對象係名詞詞組,必須有量詞修飾
eng:used after a verb or an adjective, often monosyllabic, to signify incompleteness of the process regarding the object; when placed after an adjective, it precedes the suffix #啲 di1 ("a bit") which forms comparatives; when the object is a noun phrase, it must be modified with a classifier
<eg>
yue:幫我食噉啲飯吖。 (bong1 ngo5 sik6 gam2 di1 faan6 aa1.)
eng:Could you help me finish up my serving of rice?
<eg>
yue:趁住有啲錢,快啲還噉啲利息。 (can3 zyu6 jau5 di1 cin2, faai3 di1 waan4 gam2 di1 lei6 sik1.)
eng:You should pay some of the interest early, as you still have some money.
<eg>
yue:等我食噉兩個橙先。 (dang2 ngo5 sik6 gam2 loeng5 go3 caang2 sin1.)
eng:I'll eat two more oranges.
<eg>
yue:我畀噉好多你喇。 (ngo5 bei2 gam2 hou2 do1 nei5 laa3.)
eng:I've already given you a lot (though not all yet).
<eg>
yue:嫲嫲個病好噉啲喇。 (maa4 maa4 go3 beng6 hou2 gam2 di1 laa3.)
eng:Granny is getting a bit better.
<eg>
yue:而家已經走噉啲人喇。 (ji4 gaa1 ji5 ging1 zau2 gam2 di1 jan4 laa3.)
eng:A number of people already start leaving.
----
<explanation>
yue:達到某種數量或者程度,但係仍然不如預期,仲有落差
eng:to fall behind or to fail to meet the expectation, though there is already a certain amount or extent
<eg>
yue:少噉個位 (siu2 gam2 go3 wai2)
eng:still to lack a seat
<eg>
yue:齊人未?好似爭噉個喎。 (cai4 jan4 mei6? hou2 ci5 zaang1 gam2 go3 wo3.)
eng:Is everyone present? I think we are missing one.
<eg>
yue:隻蕉唔見噉橛嘅?你食咗呀? (zek3 ziu1 m4 gin3 gam2 gyut6 ge2? nei5 sik6 zo2 aa4?)
eng:Where's the other half of my banana? Did you eat it?
<eg>
yue:硬係爭噉啲嘢。 (ngaang2 hai6 zaang1 gam2 di1 je5.)
eng:Something is just not right.
<eg>
yue:今日啲生意少噉啲喎。 (gam1 jat6 di1 saang1 ji3 siu2 gam2 di1 wo3.)
eng:Business today is slower than expected.
<eg>
yue:冇啲音樂,氣氛都係爭噉啲。 (mou5 di1 jam1 ngok6, hei3 fan1 dou1 hai6 zaang1 gam2 di1.)
eng:When there's no music to stir up the atmosphere, it feels like something is missing.
緊:gan2
(pos:詞綴)(sim:喺度)(sim:在)(sim:正在)
<explanation>
yue:放喺動詞之後,表示動作而家正在進行;有時會同「#喺度」一齊用去加強語氣
eng:placed after a verb to describe an ongoing action, often equivalent to the continuous tense in English; sometimes used with #喺度 hai2 dou6 for emphasis
<eg>
yue:你而家做緊咩呀? (nei5 ji4 gaa1 zou6 gan2 me1 aa3)
eng:What are you doing now?
<eg>
yue:我食緊飯。 (ngo5 sik6 gan2 faan6)
eng:I am eating.
<eg>
yue:我拍緊拖呀,唔好阻住晒啦! (ngo5 paak3 gan2 to1 aa3, m4 hou2 zo2 zyu6 saai3 laa1!)
eng:I'm on a date. Don't get in my way!
----
<explanation>
yue:放喺動詞之後,表示處於一種持續嘅狀態;唔可以同「#喺度」並用
eng:placed after a verb to describe a stable state that is unlikely to change in the near future; usually translated into the simple present tense in English
<eg>
yue:我喺小學教緊中文。 (ngo5 hai2 siu2 hok6 gaau3 gan2 zung1 man2.)
eng:I teach Chinese in a primary school.
<eg>
yue:我返緊份好忙嘅工,冇乜機會見朋友。 (ngo5 faan1 gan2 fan6 hou2 mong4 ge3 gung1, mou5 mat1 gei1 wui6 gin3 pang4 jau5.)
eng:I have a really busy job; I don't have much chance to meet friends.
<eg>
yue:我拍緊拖㗎,你死心啦。唔好再打電話嚟。 (ngo5 paak3 gan2 to1 gaa3, nei5 sei2 sam1 laa1. m4 hou2 zoi3 daa2 din6 waa2 lei4.)
eng:I'm in a relationship. Give up, and don't ever ring again.
緊:gan2
(pos:形容詞)(ant:鬆)
<explanation>
yue:形容繩、橡筋、衣物,同箍住嘅嘢密合,冇空隙
eng:tight; strict; tense; stretched
<eg>
yue:寬鞋緊襪 (fun1 haai4 gan2 mat6)
eng:loose shoes and tight socks
<eg>
yue:條褲好緊,我著唔落。 (tiu4 fu3 hou2 gan2, ngo5 zoek3 m4 lok6.)
eng:The waist is too tight, it doesn't fit on me.
----
<explanation>
yue:嚴密;唔放鬆
eng:tight; not relaxed
<eg>
yue:#手緊 (sau2 gan2)
eng:to have tight criteria of marking, grading
<eg>
yue:你要跟緊啲先得! (nei5 jiu3 gan1 gan2 di1 sin1 dak1!)
eng:You've got to follow up closely!
<eg>
yue:小朋友要空間㗎,唔好迫得太緊呀。 (siu2 pang4 jau5 jiu3 hung1 gaan1 gaa3, m4 hou2 bik1 dak1 taai3 gan2 aa3.)
eng:Children need some space. Don't give them too much pressure.
緊:gan2
(pos:形容詞)
<explanation>
yue:急、快、唔停止(少用)
eng:(rarely used) fast
<eg>
yue:#密鑼緊鼓 (mat6 lo4 gan2 gu2)
eng:in intense preparation for an event; literally: intense sounds of gongs and drums
<eg>
yue:跟緊啲,唔好俾個賊走甩。 (gan1 gan2 di1, m4 hou2 bei2 go3 caak2 zau2 lat1.)
eng:Trace faster, don't let the thief run away.